So, what we see is not the actual sun, but the apparent sun, or the sun on its ‘apparent position’. However, when we see that beautiful panorama we are not aware that the actual sun has already fallen under the horizon. The sun looks moving down slowly, and in a certain time the lower part of the sun touches the edge of the sky or horizon. For example, once upon a time when we are at a beach and admiring the beauty of nature before the sun set. We are frequently unaware that what we see is actually not the real appearance of such object. When we see an object located far from our standing place, we think that what we see is its actual appearance. Such light may derive from the natural or artificial resources.
Light is naturally available in our surrounding, either in day time or at night. Unfortunately, this illustration incorrect.Īstronomical Refraction and Terrestrial Refraction If Einstein’s theory of relativity was correct, then the light from stars that passed closest to the sun would show the greatest degree of “bending.” (). The new refraction based approach providing alternative to generalr elativity, could have important bearing on understanding of spacetime, gravity and cosmology !” ( Bending of )
The present paper also suggests a possible alternative to the Einstein’s curved geometry of spacetime, and indicates that the fabric of spacetime which wraps(curves) around the mass is not the empty vacuum but the atmospheric medium. The new refraction based theory also makes a few new predictions. The proposed refraction based theory proposes a new look on black hole, suggesting that black hole formation is critically due to total internal reflection within atmosphere and subsequent absorption into the star core.Gravitational lensing is explained as real refraction lensing with possibility of chromatic aberration. Also discussed are black hole, gravitational lensing and space time in the new perspective of refraction. with the new approach though agree well with known values, but important thing is that the physics is quite different. Estimated results for bending of light and the red/blue shift etc. The refraction based theory also suggests new explanation for gravitational red/blue shift it tells that frequency ? remains constant (as it is so in refraction phenomenon) and the red/blue shift is due to change in wavelength ? due to change in velocity of light c in the medium.
A semi empirical estimation of the atmospheric height h and its refractive index μ are made to find the refraction results. It predicts that as the ray passes through/near the star’s atmospheric medium, it bends due to refraction phenomenon towards star core, like a ray bends while passing through a prism or water drop. The new alternative explanation is based on refraction phenomenon of optics. The author first casts doubts on both, the Newtonian and the relativistic approach and proposes a novel alternative explanation. “Many of the general relativity tests such as bending of light near a star and gravitational red/blue shift are explained without general relativity & without Newtonian approach. Gupta, India, on his paper ‘Bending of Light Near a Star and Gravitational Red/Blue Shift: Alternative Explanation Based on Refraction of Light’. By coincidence this evidence in accordance with Professor R. New evidence has been found: Einstein’s proving method (test of general relativity) via eclipse is not scientifically correct and Einstein had ignored refraction of light. Deflection of Light by Refraction, Not Gravity (Curve Geometry of Spacetime)
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